Underdeveloping the Amazon Extraction, Unequal Exchange, and the Failure of the Modern State

Underdeveloping the Amazonshows how different extractive economies have periodically enriched various dominant classes but progressively impoverished the entire region by disrupting both the Amazon Basin's ecology and human communities. Contending that traditional models of development based almost exclusively on the European and American experience of industrial production cannot apply to a regional economy founded on extraction, Stephen G. Bunker proposes a new model based on the use and depletion of energy values in natural resources as the key to understanding the disruptive forces at work in the Basin.Bunker, Stephen G. is the author of 'Underdeveloping the Amazon Extraction, Unequal Exchange, and the Failure of the Modern State', published 1988 under ISBN 9780226080321 and ISBN 0226080323.